Welded Pipe
Welded pipe — formed and welded for a broad range of utility and process lines — in carbon, alloy, stainless, duplex and nickel grades to ASTM/ASME.
Technical specification
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Product | Welded pipe (ERW / HFW, EFW and SAW routes) |
| Manufacturing routes | ERW / HFW · EFW · SAW (LSAW / SSAW); UOE / JCOE, roll and spiral forming |
| Dimensional standard | ASME B36.10M (carbon / alloy) · B36.19M (stainless / duplex) |
| Size range | ERW / HFW to ~24" NPS; SAW / EFW to 60"+ — route- and grade-dependent, not a continuous universal range |
| Wall / schedule | Per B36.10M / B36.19M and plate/coil thickness; custom walls to order |
| Material specifications | ASTM A53, A671, A672, A691, A312, A358, A790, A928, B705 / B725 / B619; API 5L (welded, PSL1 / PSL2) |
| Sour service | NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 where qualified — not implied by API 5L PSL2 alone |
| Documentation | EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2, PMI, TPI, plate & weld traceability |
How it is made
Welded pipe is formed from strip, coil or plate and joined along a seam. In electric-resistance / high-frequency welding (ERW / HFW) the edges are forge-welded without filler; in electric-fusion welding (EFW), including submerged-arc welding (SAW), the seam is fused with filler metal, single- or double-sided, and may be stress-relieved or fully heat-treated. LSAW and SSAW describe the seam arrangement (longitudinal vs spiral), while UOE, JCOE and roll or spiral forming are the plate-forming routes — not welding grades. The seam is examined by radiography and/or ultrasonics to the extent set by the product specification and its class, so a welded product is not automatically 100 % radiographed. Schedule does not by itself define a pressure rating; the actual wall follows the ASME B36.10M / B36.19M table and the design code, which for welded pipe also applies a weld-joint factor. Where a product without a weld seam is required, see seamless pipe.
| Route | Method | Seam / filler | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|
| ERW / HFW | Electric resistance (high-frequency) | Longitudinal, no filler (forge weld) | Utility & line pipe to ~24" |
| EFW | Electric fusion (incl. SAW) | Filler added; single / double | Pressure pipe (A671 / A672 / A691 / A358 / A928) |
| SAW | Submerged-arc welding | Filler under flux | Large-diameter EFW |
| LSAW | SAW, longitudinal seam (UOE / JCOE) | Filler | Large-diameter line pipe |
| SSAW | SAW, spiral seam (helical forming) | Filler | Large-diameter water / line pipe |
ASTM A790 covers welded duplex made without added filler; A928 covers EFW duplex made with filler metal — the two are not interchangeable. Route-specific detail: ERW · EFW · LSAW · SSAW.
Grades & materials
Welded specifications and representative grades below. Availability by grade, route, class and size is confirmed on quotation — this is not a claim that every grade is stocked across the full size range. Seamless-only specifications (A106, A335) are covered on the seamless pipe page.
| Material family | Grades | Standard | Route | Service |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon utility | A53 Gr.B Type E | ASTM A53 | ERW / HFW | Utility, water, structural |
| Line pipe | API 5L Gr.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70 (PSL1 / PSL2) | API 5L | ERW / HFW & SAW | Oil & gas transmission |
| Low-temp carbon | A333 Gr.1, Gr.6, Gr.3 (welded, where qualified) | ASTM A333 | EFW / ERW | Low temperature |
| Carbon EFW | A671 (CA / CB / CC / CD / CE), A672 (B / C / D / E) | ASTM A671 / A672 | EFW (SAW) | Low- & moderate-temp pressure |
| Carbon / alloy EFW | A691 CM, 1Cr, 1¼Cr, 2¼Cr, 5Cr, 9Cr | ASTM A691 | EFW (SAW) | High-temperature |
| Austenitic stainless | A312 (welded) & A358 Cl.1–5: TP304 / 304L / 316 / 316L / 321 / 347 / 310S | ASTM A312 / A358 | EFW | Corrosion / high temp |
| Duplex / super duplex | S31803 / S32205 (2205), S32750 (2507), S32760 | ASTM A790 / A928 | EFW | Chloride / sour |
| Nickel welded | 625 (N06625), 825 (N08825), 400 (N04400), C-276 (N10276) | ASTM B705 / B725 / B619 | EFW | Severe corrosion |
EFW specification, source plate & class
| Specification | Source plate | Class governs | Service |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM A671 | A285, A515, A516 (and others) | Heat treatment & radiography (e.g. Cl.1 as-welded → Cl.3 stress-relieved + full RT) | Lower-temperature |
| ASTM A672 | A515, A516, A537 | Heat treatment & radiography by class | Moderate-temp, higher pressure |
| ASTM A691 | A387 Cr-Mo (and C-Mo) | Heat treatment & radiography by class | High-temperature |
| ASTM A358 | 304 / 304L / 316 / 316L / 321 / 347 base | Cl.1–5: welding & RT differ (full RT → spot RT → as-welded) | Austenitic stainless |
| ASTM A928 | Duplex base + matching filler | Class distinguishes full / spot / no radiography | Duplex |
Chemical composition (representative)
| Grade | Spec | C | Mn | Si | P max | S max | Cr | Ni | Mo | Other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A53 Gr.B | A53 | 0.30 max | 1.20 max | — | 0.05 | 0.045 | 0.40 max | 0.40 max | 0.15 max | Cu 0.40, V 0.08 |
| API 5L X52 | API 5L (PSL2) | 0.24 max | 1.40 max | — | 0.025 | 0.015 | — | — | — | Nb+V+Ti ≤0.15, CE limits |
| A671 CC70 | A671 / A516-70 | 0.30 max | 0.85–1.20 | 0.15–0.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — | plate A516 Gr.70 |
| A672 B70 | A672 / A515-70 | 0.31 max | 0.90 max | 0.15–0.40 | 0.030 | 0.030 | — | — | — | plate A515 Gr.70 |
| A691 1¼Cr | A691 / A387-11 | 0.05–0.17 | 0.40–0.65 | 0.50–0.80 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 1.00–1.50 | — | 0.45–0.65 | — |
| A691 2¼Cr | A691 / A387-22 | 0.05–0.15 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.50 max | 0.035 | 0.035 | 2.00–2.50 | — | 0.90–1.10 | — |
| A691 9Cr | A691 / A387-91 | 0.08–0.12 | 0.30–0.60 | 0.20–0.50 | 0.020 | 0.010 | 8.0–9.5 | 0.40 max | 0.85–1.05 | V 0.18–0.25, Nb 0.06–0.10, N 0.03–0.07 |
| A333 Gr.6 | A333 | 0.30 max | 0.29–1.06 | 0.10 min | 0.025 | 0.025 | — | — | — | impact −45°C |
| A333 Gr.3 | A333 | 0.19 max | 0.31–0.64 | 0.18–0.37 | 0.025 | 0.025 | — | 3.18–3.82 | — | impact −101°C |
| TP304L | A312 / A358 | 0.035 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.045 | 0.030 | 18.0–20.0 | 8.0–13.0 | — | — |
| TP316L | A312 / A358 | 0.035 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.0–18.0 | 10.0–15.0 | 2.0–3.0 | — |
| TP321 | A312 / A358 | 0.08 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | — | Ti 5×(C+N)–0.70 |
| TP347 | A312 / A358 | 0.08 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0–19.0 | 9.0–13.0 | — | Nb 10×C–1.00 |
| TP310S | A312 / A358 | 0.08 max | 2.00 max | 1.50 max | 0.045 | 0.030 | 24.0–26.0 | 19.0–22.0 | — | — |
| S31803 | A790 / A928 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 | 0.020 | 21.0–23.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 2.5–3.5 | N 0.08–0.20 |
| S32205 | A790 / A928 | 0.030 max | 2.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 | 0.020 | 22.0–23.0 | 4.5–6.5 | 3.0–3.5 | N 0.14–0.20 |
| S32750 | A790 / A928 | 0.030 max | 1.20 max | 0.80 max | 0.035 | 0.020 | 24.0–26.0 | 6.0–8.0 | 3.0–5.0 | N 0.24–0.32 |
| S32760 | A790 / A928 | 0.030 max | 1.00 max | 1.00 max | 0.030 | 0.010 | 24.0–26.0 | 6.0–8.0 | 3.0–4.0 | N 0.20–0.30, Cu/W 0.5–1.0 |
| 625 (N06625) | B705 | 0.10 max | 0.50 max | 0.50 max | 0.015 | 0.015 | 20.0–23.0 | 58.0 min | 8.0–10.0 | Nb 3.15–4.15, Fe 5.0 max |
| 825 (N08825) | B705 | 0.05 max | 1.00 max | 0.50 max | — | 0.03 | 19.5–23.5 | 38.0–46.0 | 2.5–3.5 | Cu 1.5–3.0, Ti 0.6–1.2 |
| 400 (N04400) | B725 | 0.30 max | 2.00 max | 0.50 max | — | 0.024 | — | 63.0 min | — | Cu 28–34, Fe 2.5 max |
| C-276 (N10276) | B619 | 0.01 max | 1.00 max | 0.08 max | 0.025 | 0.010 | 14.5–16.5 | bal | 15.0–17.0 | W 3.0–4.5, Fe 4.0–7.0 |
Standards & specifications
Dimensional & product
- ASME B36.10M carbon / alloy · B36.19M stainless / duplex
- ASTM A53 welded carbon · A671 / A672 / A691 EFW carbon & alloy
- ASTM A312 (welded) / A358 EFW stainless
- ASTM A790 / A928 welded & EFW duplex
- ASTM B705 / B725 / B619 nickel-alloy welded pipe
- API 5L PSL1 / PSL2 welded line pipe
Testing & service
- Weld seam RT and / or UT per specification & class — EFW is not automatically 100 % RT
- Hydrostatic test; transverse weld tensile & guided-bend / flattening
- NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 where qualified — not implied by PSL2 alone
- Schedule alone does not define a pressure rating; wall per B36.10M / B36.19M and design code (weld-joint factor applies)
- Product without a weld seam: see seamless pipe
Mechanical properties (representative grades)
Representative grades — full MTC values on request. Values are specification minima or ranges at room temperature. EFW carbon / alloy ranges track the parent plate grade; transverse weld tensile, guided-bend / flattening and (for low-temp grades) impact tests also apply.
| Grade | Spec / basis | Tensile (MPa) | Yield min (MPa) | Elong min (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A53 Gr.B | ERW carbon | 415 min | 240 | — |
| API 5L Gr.B | Welded line | 415 min | 245 | — |
| API 5L X42 | Welded line | 414 min | 290 | — |
| API 5L X52 | Welded line | 460 min | 360 | — |
| API 5L X60 | Welded line | 520 min | 415 | — |
| API 5L X65 | Welded line | 535 min | 450 | — |
| API 5L X70 | Welded line | 570 min | 485 | — |
| A333 Gr.6 | Low-temp (−45°C) | 415 min | 240 | 30 |
| A333 Gr.3 | 3½Ni (−101°C) | 450 min | 240 | 30 |
| A671 CC65 | Carbon EFW (A516-65) | 450–585 | 240 | 23 |
| A671 CC70 | Carbon EFW (A516-70) | 485–620 | 260 | 21 |
| A672 B70 | Carbon EFW (A515-70) | 485–620 | 260 | 21 |
| A672 C65 | Carbon EFW (A516-65) | 450–585 | 240 | 23 |
| A691 1¼Cr | Cr-Mo EFW (A387-11 Cl.2) | 515–690 | 310 | 22 |
| A691 2¼Cr | Cr-Mo EFW (A387-22 Cl.2) | 515–690 | 310 | 18 |
| A691 9Cr | Cr-Mo EFW (A387-91) | 585–760 | 415 | 20 |
| TP304 / 304H | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 515 min | 205 | 35 |
| TP304L | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 485 min | 170 | 35 |
| TP316 / 316H | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 515 min | 205 | 35 |
| TP316L | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 485 min | 170 | 35 |
| TP321 | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 515 min | 205 | 35 |
| TP347 | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 515 min | 205 | 35 |
| TP310S | Austenitic SS (A312 / A358) | 515 min | 205 | 35 |
| S31803 (2205) | Duplex (A790 / A928) | 620 min | 450 | 25 |
| S32205 (2205) | Duplex (A790 / A928) | 655 min | 485 | 25 |
| S32750 (2507) | Super duplex (A790 / A928) | 795 min | 550 | 15 |
| S32760 | Super duplex (A790 / A928) | 750 min | 550 | 25 |
| 625 (N06625) | Ni-Cr-Mo (B705) | 827 min | 414 | 30 |
| 825 (N08825) | Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo (B705) | 586 min | 241 | 30 |
| 400 (N04400) | Ni-Cu (B725) | 483 min | 193 | 35 |
| C-276 (N10276) | Ni-Mo-Cr (B619) | 690 min | 283 | 40 |
Testing, inspection & documentation
| Test / document | Detail |
|---|---|
| Chemical / PMI | Product-analysis chemistry; PMI on alloy, stainless & nickel; parent & weld metal where specified. PMI does not replace full chemistry. |
| Tensile (base & weld) | Base-metal and transverse weld tensile per ASTM A370 |
| Bend / flattening | Guided-bend or flattening for weld ductility |
| Impact (Charpy) | A333 / low-temp grades at the grade test temperature |
| Hydrostatic | Hydrotest to the product standard |
| NDE (weld seam) | Radiography and / or ultrasonics per specification & class (e.g. A358 / A928 Cl.1–5 differ; RT and UT are not automatically interchangeable) |
| Corrosion | IGC per ASTM A262 where specified (austenitic); ferrite / phase balance (duplex) — not a complete corrosion qualification on its own |
| Certification | EN 10204 3.1 as standard; 3.2 validated by an independent authorised party |
Applications & industries served
Dimensions, schedules & theoretical weight
Outside diameter, wall thickness and plain-end theoretical mass. Dimensions are route-independent for a given NPS & schedule; availability by grade, route and size is confirmed on RFQ. Mass is kg/m = π × t × (D − t) × ρ × 10⁻⁶ on a carbon-steel basis (ρ = 7850 kg/m³); lb/ft ≈ kg/m × 0.672; nominal ID = D − 2t. Figures exclude weld reinforcement, coating, lining and couplings.
Carbon & alloy steel — ASME B36.10M
| NPS | OD (mm) | STD | XS | Sch 160 | XXS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | kg/m | t | kg/m | t | kg/m | t | kg/m | ||
| 1/2 | 21.3 | 2.77 | 1.27 | 3.73 | 1.62 | 4.78 | 1.95 | 7.47 | 2.55 |
| 3/4 | 26.7 | 2.87 | 1.69 | 3.91 | 2.20 | 5.56 | 2.90 | 7.82 | 3.64 |
| 1 | 33.4 | 3.38 | 2.50 | 4.55 | 3.24 | 6.35 | 4.24 | 9.09 | 5.45 |
| 1-1/4 | 42.2 | 3.56 | 3.39 | 4.85 | 4.47 | 6.35 | 5.61 | 9.70 | 7.77 |
| 1-1/2 | 48.3 | 3.68 | 4.05 | 5.08 | 5.41 | 7.14 | 7.25 | 10.15 | 9.55 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 3.91 | 5.44 | 5.54 | 7.48 | 8.74 | 11.1 | 11.07 | 13.4 |
| 2-1/2 | 73.0 | 5.16 | 8.63 | 7.01 | 11.4 | 9.53 | 14.9 | 14.02 | 20.4 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 5.49 | 11.3 | 7.62 | 15.3 | 11.13 | 21.3 | 15.24 | 27.7 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 6.02 | 16.1 | 8.56 | 22.3 | 13.49 | 33.5 | 17.12 | 41.0 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 7.11 | 28.3 | 10.97 | 42.6 | 18.26 | 67.6 | 21.95 | 79.2 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 8.18 | 42.5 | 12.70 | 64.6 | 23.01 | 111.3 | 22.23 | 107.9 |
| 10 | 273.0 | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12.70 | 81.5 | 28.58 | 172.3 | 25.40 | 155.1 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 9.53 | 73.9 | 12.70 | 97.4 | 33.32 | 238.7 | 25.40 | 186.9 |
| 14 | 355.6 | 9.53 | 81.3 | 12.70 | 107.4 | 35.71 | 281.7 | — | — |
| 16 | 406.4 | 9.53 | 93.3 | 12.70 | 123.3 | 40.49 | 365.4 | — | — |
| 18 | 457.0 | 9.53 | 105.2 | 12.70 | 139.2 | 45.24 | 459.4 | — | — |
| 20 | 508.0 | 9.53 | 117.2 | 12.70 | 155.1 | 50.01 | 564.8 | — | — |
| 24 | 610.0 | 9.53 | 141.1 | 12.70 | 187.1 | 59.54 | 808.3 | — | — |
Stainless & duplex — ASME B36.19M
| NPS | OD (mm) | Sch 5S | Sch 10S | Sch 40S | Sch 80S | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t | kg/m | t | kg/m | t | kg/m | t | kg/m | ||
| 1/2 | 21.3 | 1.65 | 0.80 | 2.11 | 1.00 | 2.77 | 1.27 | 3.73 | 1.62 |
| 3/4 | 26.7 | 1.65 | 1.02 | 2.11 | 1.28 | 2.87 | 1.69 | 3.91 | 2.20 |
| 1 | 33.4 | 1.65 | 1.29 | 2.77 | 2.09 | 3.38 | 2.50 | 4.55 | 3.24 |
| 1-1/4 | 42.2 | 1.65 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 2.69 | 3.56 | 3.39 | 4.85 | 4.47 |
| 1-1/2 | 48.3 | 1.65 | 1.90 | 2.77 | 3.11 | 3.68 | 4.05 | 5.08 | 5.41 |
| 2 | 60.3 | 1.65 | 2.39 | 2.77 | 3.93 | 3.91 | 5.44 | 5.54 | 7.48 |
| 2-1/2 | 73.0 | 2.11 | 3.69 | 3.05 | 5.26 | 5.16 | 8.63 | 7.01 | 11.4 |
| 3 | 88.9 | 2.11 | 4.52 | 3.05 | 6.46 | 5.49 | 11.3 | 7.62 | 15.3 |
| 4 | 114.3 | 2.11 | 5.84 | 3.05 | 8.37 | 6.02 | 16.1 | 8.56 | 22.3 |
| 6 | 168.3 | 2.77 | 11.3 | 3.40 | 13.8 | 7.11 | 28.3 | 10.97 | 42.6 |
| 8 | 219.1 | 2.77 | 14.8 | 3.76 | 20.0 | 8.18 | 42.5 | 12.70 | 64.6 |
| 10 | 273.0 | 3.40 | 22.6 | 4.19 | 27.8 | 9.27 | 60.3 | 12.70 | 81.5 |
| 12 | 323.8 | 3.96 | 31.2 | 4.57 | 36.0 | 9.53 | 73.9 | 12.70 | 97.4 |
Provide with your enquiry
- Route, specification, grade and class / PSL.
- NPS / OD and wall or schedule.
- Length, end preparation and coating / lining.
And the commercial detail
- Standard edition and required tests.
- Certification (3.1 / 3.2, PMI, NACE), source restrictions.
- Quantity, delivery location and any BOQ.
Frequently asked questions
When is welded pipe preferred over seamless?
Welded pipe is common for large diameters (where seamless is impractical), for line pipe, water transmission and structural service, and where economics favour it. But it is not limited to low or medium pressure — specifications such as ASTM A672 cover moderate-temperature high-pressure service. The choice depends on the specification, grade, dimensions, service and design code, not a fixed “welded is lower grade” rule.
Is welded pipe always 100% radiographed?
No. Examination varies by product specification, class and order — EFW is not synonymous with full radiography. ASTM A358, for example, has Classes 1–5 with different welding and radiography requirements (from complete radiography to spot radiography), and RT and UT are not automatically interchangeable. The method, coverage, acceptance and any permitted substitution come from the governing specification.
What do ERW, EFW, SAW, LSAW and SSAW actually mean?
They describe different things. ERW/HFW is electric-resistance (high-frequency) welding without filler; EFW is the broad electric-fusion-welded category; SAW (submerged arc) is a welding process; LSAW and SSAW describe the seam direction (longitudinal vs spiral); and UOE/JCOE are plate-forming routes. They are not four mutually exclusive definitions, and HFW is the high-frequency route within the wider ERW family.
Are A671 and A672 grades?
No — they are specifications for electric-fusion-welded pipe built on a plate/coil grade and a class, not grades in themselves. A671 addresses lower-temperature service and A672 moderate-temperature high-pressure service; each requires an exact plate grade, class, heat treatment and examination. A691 covers carbon and alloy (including Cr-Mo) steel EFW pipe by grade and class, not a generic carbon-steel entry.
Do you supply welded nickel-alloy pipe?
By named grade and welded specification: Alloy 625 (N06625) and 825 (N08825) via the applicable B705 route, Monel 400 (N04400) via B725, and covered nickel / nickel-cobalt alloys via B619 by named grade. Seamless nickel references are not substituted for welded ones, and “825” is an Incoloy/Alloy grade rather than “Inconel 825”.
How is welded pipe weight calculated?
Nominal plain-end mass is kg/m = π × ρ × 10⁻⁶ × t × (D − t), with OD D and wall t in mm and density ρ in kg/m³; our chart uses carbon steel (ρ = 7850). This excludes weld reinforcement, coating, lining and couplings, which are added separately, and for spiral seams a weld allowance reflects the actual seam length rather than an arbitrary percentage. Stainless, duplex and nickel weights scale by the grade’s density.
What information is needed for a quotation?
Provide the complete specification, grade, class and PSL, the weld route, NPS or actual OD, wall basis, length, quantity, end preparation, coating/lining, design and service conditions, required tests and documentation, any source restrictions and the destination. Availability by grade, route and size is confirmed with the quotation.
Request a quote
Send your requirement to Sagiant Piping Industries and our team responds with grade, material selection, availability and pricing for welded pipe. Attach a BOQ, line list or drawing for a faster, more accurate quotation.
- Fast RFQ response with grade & material-selection support
- EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2 certification, PMI & third-party inspection
- BOQ & line-list project supply — India & export
Mechanical & chemical values shown are ASTM/ASME specification figures; certified heat-specific values appear on the MTC. Availability is confirmed with the quotation.
